A splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is a significant procedure that is often initiated due to conditions such as splenic rupture, certain blood disorders, cancers, enlarged spleen or infections. Like any major surgery, preparing for splenectomy surgery and understanding the recovery process can significantly influence the outcome and ease of the experience.
As one of the major hospitals in India for splenectomy, this blog will give you a detailed look into the preparation and recovery process of splenectomy.
Where is the spleen located?
Before diving into the aspects of surgery and recovery, it’s crucial to understand the spleen’s function. Located in the upper left part of the abdomen, the spleen is part of the lymphatic system. It filters blood, recycles old red blood cells, and stores white blood cells and platelets, playing a key role in the body’s immune response. While life without a spleen is possible, it does pose certain health challenges, particularly a higher susceptibility to infections.
What is splenectomy surgery?
Splenectomy surgery is a surgical procedure to remove the spleen, an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen that plays a role in filtering blood and fighting infections. This surgery may be necessary due to conditions such as spleen injury, blood disorders, infections, spleen pain or cancers. It can be performed through traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. After the procedure, patients may have a higher risk of infections and may require vaccinations and long-term antibiotic therapy. The surgery is typically followed by a period of recovery and adjustment to living without the spleen’s immune functions.
Spleen removal effects to be wary about:
Like many surgical procedures, this procedure does not come without a risk. If you’re planning to undergo a splenectomy, you must be prepared to face certain risks associated with it. These include:
Increased Infection Risk: The spleen helps fight certain types of bacteria, so its removal increases the risk of infections, particularly from encapsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Neisseria, meningitides. This risk is lifelong and may necessitate preventive measures such as vaccinations and prophylactic antibiotics.
Changes in Blood Cells: The spleen filters old or damaged blood cells and stores platelets. Without it, there may be a mild increase in circulating platelets and abnormal red blood cells, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots.
Immune System Changes: The spleen is involved in producing antibodies and trapping foreign particles. Its removal can slightly impair the body’s ability to mount an immune response, especially to certain types of infections.
Other Considerations: Patients may need to take additional precautions, such as avoiding travel to areas with high risks of specific infections (like malaria) and being vigilant about seeking medical attention for fevers or infections.
Pre-Surgery Preparation
Before undergoing a splenectomy, you should prepare and make sure your body is in the right condition to undergo the surgery. You need to consult with doctors and evaluate your body and medications beforehand to ensure a speedy and healthy recovery post-surgery, minimising the risks of diseases and illness.
The procedures involved include:
Consultations and Evaluations
Medical Consultation: Discuss with your doctor why a splenectomy is necessary and understand the benefits and risks. It’s vital to have a clear picture of how the surgery will be performed and what to expect.
Preoperative Testing: Undergo any recommended tests such as blood work, imaging studies, or EKGs. These tests help ensure you’re in good health for surgery and help plan the procedure.
. Immunizations
Since the spleen plays a role in fighting infections, removing it increases the risk of serious infections. Vaccinations are crucial to preventing it, the most commonly recommended vaccinations before splenectomy include.
Pneumococcal Vaccine: Protects against pneumococcal infections, which can be severe in splenectomized individuals.
Meningococcal Vaccine: Prevents meningococcal disease, another serious risk post-splenectomy.
Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: Protects against infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Your doctor might recommend additional vaccines based on your specific health profile and travel plans.
Medication Management
Review Current Medications: Inform your surgeon about all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal remedies.
Adjustments: Some medications, especially blood thinners, might need to be adjusted or stopped before surgery. Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding medication management..
Lifestyle Adjustments:
After the course of a successful procedure, you need to stick to a healthy and strict regimen to ensure a smooth and fulfilling recovery process. This regimen might not be too elaborate but by regularly following the recommended habits, you can speed up your recovery process.
Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can boost your immune system and aid recovery.
Quit Smoking: Smoking can impair healing and increase the risk of complications. If you smoke, quitting before surgery is highly recommended.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve your overall fitness, making recovery smoother. Consult your doctor about an appropriate exercise plan.
Long-Term Health Management
Infection Prevention: Without a spleen, you’re more susceptible to infections. To prevent it, you can take the following precautions.
- Practise good hygiene, including regular handwashing.
- Avoid contact with sick individuals.
- Promptly treat any infections or injuries.
Vaccinations: Keep up-to-date with all recommended vaccinations. Regular booster shots may be necessary.
Medical Alert: Consider wearing a medical alert bracelet indicating you’ve had a splenectomy. This information can be crucial in emergencies.
Preparing for a splenectomy surgery and understanding the recovery process can significantly influence the success of the surgery and ease the overall experience. By following these tips—ranging from pre-surgery preparations and practical arrangements to post-surgery care and long-term health management—you can ensure a smoother, more successful recovery.
Please reach out to us if you have concerns or enquiries regarding splenectomy.