A respiratory virus that is causing infections all across the world, particularly in India, is the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Although the majority of HMPV cases are mild, some vulnerable populations—such as small children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems—are more likely to have severe illness.
This blog explores everything you need to know about HMPV, its symptoms, how it spreads, and ways to protect yourself.
What is HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus)?
The respiratory system is the primary site of infection for the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Similar to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), it is a member of the same viral family and frequently causes symptoms that mimic the flu or a cold.
HMPV is not new; it was first identified in 2001, but recent outbreaks, including in India, have put it back in the spotlight. Most people are exposed to the virus before the age of 5, but it can cause more severe complications in vulnerable populations.
For more detailed information on the virus, you can refer to The Economic Times.
What are the Symptoms of HMPV?
The severity of HMPV symptoms varies according to the age and health of the individual.
Common Symptoms
- Runny or congested nose
- Cough and sore throat
- Mild fever
Severe Symptoms (in vulnerable groups)
- Wheezing or difficulty breathing
- Rapid breathing or chest retractions
- Bluish tint to lips or fingers (cyanosis)
In extreme cases, HMPV can lead to pneumonia or bronchitis, especially in infants, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems.
For more insights on the symptoms and recent cases, check out The Times of India.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV is transmitted by intimate contact with contaminated surfaces or infected people. The virus can enter the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes. Common ways of transmission include:
- Touching your face after coming into contact with virus-contaminated surfaces.
- Breathing in respiratory droplets that are expelled during a cough or sneeze by an infected individual.
- Direct physical contact, like handshakes or hugs with an infected person.
After exposure, the virus incubates for 3–6 days before symptoms appear.
Who is at Risk of Severe HMPV Infections?
While HMPV causes mild symptoms in most healthy individuals, the following groups are more susceptible to severe complications:
- Infants and young children
- Adults aged 65 and above
- Individuals with weakened immune systems
- People with chronic respiratory or cardiac conditions
The first case of HMPV in India was recently detected in an 8-month-old baby, underscoring its potential severity in young children. Read more about it on NDTV Health.
How Can You Protect Yourself from HMPV?
Here are some expert-recommended steps to reduce the risk of HMPV infection:
- Practice Good Hygiene
- Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Use hand sanitizer when soap is unavailable.
- Avoid Close Contact with Sick Individuals
- Keep a safe distance from those who are exhibiting respiratory problems.
- Keep Your Environment Clean
- Disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs, phones, and tables.
- Wear a Mask
- Use a mask in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces to limit exposure.
- Boost Your Immunity
- Stay hydrated, eat a balanced diet, and ensure adequate sleep and exercise.
- Practice Respiratory Etiquette
- When you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or tissue.
- Stay Updated
- Follow health authority updates for the latest guidelines and precautions.
If you develop symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and treatment plan.
Can HMPV Be Treated?
There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Care is typically supportive, focusing on alleviating symptoms like fever, cough, and congestion. Severe cases may require hospitalization, especially if oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation is needed.
Conclusion
HMPV is a virus with a broad spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild cold-like discomfort to severe respiratory illnesses. Understanding its symptoms and adopting preventive measures are crucial to reducing its spread.
Stay informed, follow hygiene practices, and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms escalate, especially in vulnerable individuals.